Relationship Between Facts And Theories Essay - 1537 Words

To understand how there can be disagreement between experts in a discipline, when given access to the same facts, we first need to consider the relationship between facts and theories. Think about the statement: â€Å"Development in facts leads to development in theory, and vice versa.† We can connect this to the methods of inductive and deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning works from a general theory to a specific case. Inductive reasoning, however, uses an observation to infer a theory. With that in mind, how does personal experience relate to the formation of knowledge claims? Personal experience influences how we interpret information. It is important to make the distinction between personal and shared knowledge; the former being individual beliefs or experiences, the latter being common knowledge that people agree on. Collectively, these points lead me to believe that personal knowledge influences perspectives, therefore it is possible to for experts in a field to di sagree. History is an Area of Knowledge where experts – historians – often form different perspectives. For certain historical events, the amount of evidence or primary sources can be overwhelming. While writing my Historical Investigation, I focused on Stalin’s impact on women’s rights. For every historian perspective I found, I found another counter-argument. This instance of experts disagreeing is due to the overabundance of information that requires historians to be specific in the sources they choose.Show MoreRelatedThe Caring Moment : Watson, J. Watson886 Words   |  4 PagesWatson, the caring moment is an opportunity wherein the nurse can establish a transpersonal relationship with the patient (Watson, J., 2014). If executed properly, the caring moment can become a transpersonal experience both for the nurse and the patient. This relationship, according to Watson, contributes to the healing process (Watson, J., 2014). 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They focus on the relationship between a leader and follower and view this relationship as the core to the success of any organisation. Kirsty’s leadership may be seen as reflective of all the path-goal theory, leader-member exchange theory (hereafter, LMX th eory) and the transformational leadership theory (hereafterRead MorePsychology : Mind Body Problem898 Words   |  4 Pagesand action of processes. For instance, thinking is related to other processes and events of the mind. The fact that the mind is not physical in nature and the body is physical attests to this explanation. Mind body problem relate to some of the scientific concepts in different kind of ways. The relationship between the mind body problem and the concepts of neurophysiology, psychophysics and theory of evolution is discussed below. Neurophysiology This concept majorly deals with how the nervous systemRead MoreThe Agency Theory For The Best Interest Of The Shareholders1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Agency Theory: This theory attributes the control for the best interest of the shareholders,it was introduced by Demsetz and Alchian (1972 )and was further improved by Meckling and Jensen ( Heslinda and Benedict,2009). The agency is a contract between the principal which are shareholders and the agent which are the managers . Most of the literature on corporate governance finds its roots in agency theory the relationships normally occurs when the principal hires the agent to perform a service

The Fellowship Of The Ring - 2173 Words

In the â€Å"Fellowship of the Ring† written by J.R.R. Tolkien and it reveals a new world of elves, magic, men, dwarves, hobbits, and other unworldly creatures. Middle Earth is the name of the lands every creature inhabits, and like our world, it is divided up and has different realms of elves, dwarves, men and so forth. Much to my surprise I enjoyed the book and found it was very intriguing. While I was reading further into the book I became more drawn into the plot and main characters. The â€Å"Fellowship of the Ring† is part of a trilogy and I would enjoy reading the other two books in the series. The story commences with a narrative speech spoken by Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit of the Shire, and gives the reader the background of Middle Earth. Gandalf the Grey is in the Shire and decides to visit Bilbo while he is getting ready for his 111th birthday, which commences the same night. During the birthday party Bilbo decides to play a little trick on his guests with his sp ecial ring and disappears before their very eyes as he slips on his ring. Bilbo runs to his home and packs up his belongings and departs for a journey, while he’s packing Gandalf arrives to speak to Bilbo. Before Bilbo leaves the Shire, he leaves the ring and everyone of his belongings to Frodo. Frodo arrives back to Bilbo’s home and sees Bilbo has left, and discovers Bilbo has left the ring for him. As he examines the ring Gandalf enters the room and speaks to Frodo about the origin of the ring and the dangers ofShow MoreRelatedThe Fellowship Of The Ring1649 Words   |  7 PagesWith John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’s The Fellowship of the Ring as inspiration, an analysis is used to define to following: the idea of an evil ring to be symbolism for temptation and deadly addictions people suffer from, evidence to show the psychology and neuroscience behind what temptation is and how self-control correlates with it, and a few characters’ reaction to this ring and how the temptation of the Ring affects these characters. Tolkien was born January 3, 1892 in Bloemfontein, South AfricaRead MoreThe Rings : The Fellowship Of The Ring1167 Words   |  5 Pagesor reliably, that might make you want to include them in your film. (It s worth noting that these moments are used outside of horror films, too. There is a famous one in the beginning of The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), when Bilbo Baggins is presented with the One Ring. This scene is widely recognized as a scary moment in a non-horror film, and is hardly ever critically derided, despite being a completely textbook, by-the-numbers jump scare - complete with an almostRead MoreThe Fellowship Of The Ring994 Words   |  4 PagesI owe my ever-deepening interest in J. R. R. Tolkien’s work to a single cinematic shot in Peter Jackson’s The Fellowship of the Ring. The Moria orcs are fleeing a sinister presence, and the fellowship stands stock still in fear. In the midst of this uncertainty the camera slowly focuses in on the fellowship standing together, as the light of Gandalf’s staff illuminates the sheer emptiness left behind the orcs. And just as the silence reaches its highest point, the staff’s light shines on the starkRead MoreThe Fellowship Of The Ring1692 Words   |  7 PagesSUMMARY #1 (pg. 1-45) Although my novel, The Fellowship of the Ring, has just begun, a lot of events have already taken place. The story begins years after the events of the prequel The Hobbit, fifty years since Bilbo Baggins had returned from an adventure with the great wizard Gandalf and Gandalf’s dwarf companions. In Bilbo’s home of the Shire, he announces that he will be inviting many guests to his 111th birthday. (Hobbits live much longer than humans). However, after being visited by GandalfRead MoreFellowship of the Ring: An Analysis1169 Words   |  5 PagesFellowship of the Ring In J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings series of books, the basis of the narrative is on ancient literary tropes. Throughout the various books, the characters, mostly male, are each tested and are asked to prove themselves to be worthy men. Each, in turn, is able to complete his test to varying degrees. The test is always beaten because of the virtue of the mans character, but in each there is also a common thread. Tolkien imbues the characters of the novels with veryRead MoreTemptation in the Fellowship of the Ring1203 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them,† (55). The One Ring controls Gollum, Bilbo, Boromir, and Frodo in attempts to return to Sauron, Its Creator, the Lord of the Rings, and the utmost evil present in J.R.R. Tolkien’s novels. But the Ring never achieves Its goal because each character possesses a unique set of skills which resist the evil temptations of the Ring. Gollum is the first victim of the Ring, with no knowledge of ItsRead MoreLord Of The Rings The Fellowship Of The Ring Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesThe Lord of the Rings the Fellowship of the Ring In ancient times the Rings of Power were crafted by the Elven-smiths, and the Dark Lord, forged the one ring, filing it with his own power so that he could rule all other. But the one ring was taken from him, and though he sought it throughout Middle-Earth, it remained lost to him. After many years it fell into the hands of Bilbo Baggins, a hobbit of all creatures. In a sleepy village in the Shire, young Frodo Baggins finds himself faced withRead MoreThe Lord of the Rings by H.R. Tolkien: The Fellowship of the Ring808 Words   |  3 PagesThe Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring The story starts out with a brief description of Bilbos journeys in the pervious story, the Hobbit. Now back to the present, it is Bilbos 111st birthday and all of the hobbits are trading stories about. Bilbos life. He is seen as a very mysterious hobbit, the neighbors have witnessed strange creatures such as dwarves and elves visit Bilbo several times. The week before Bilbos big birthday bash is a crazy one. When the party arrivesRead MoreThe Fellowship of the Ring Response Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Reader Response The novel The Fellowship of the Ring by J.R.R Tolkien is set in a fanciful world filled with strange creatures and magical happenings, but not everything is so unlike our world. Many of the characters change over the course of the story, just as we do over the course of our lives. Frodo, the main character and the carrier of the magical ring, is part of the mythical race of Hobbits, yet he is remarkably human. He has theRead MoreInvestigating Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesInvestigating Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring English essay The filmmakers of the lord of the rings use presentational devices to give an idea what the characters, themes and the action to the audience. In order to understand the interpretation of the good vs. evil is given in the film the fellowship of the ring, we will be analyzing and also reviewing on the use of the films language we will be focusing on our own opinions. We will be focusing

Competitive Strategy of Manufacturers

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy of Manufacturers. Answer: Introduction: Reports say that General Motor Cos Holden Unit, which the Australias largest carmaker has said that it would shutter the production lines in the year 2017 after 69 long years. Due to this reason, about 2900 employees would lose their jobs at the automakers plants in South Australia and Victoria. For this reason, 45000 employees would be in immense danger. The chairman of this corporation has stated that the decision to end manufacturing in Australia reflects the perfects storm of several influences the automotive industry faces in this country (Santos-Vijande et al., 2012). Sustained strength of the Australian dollar, high cost of production and small size of the domestic market are some of the major components that has ignited this situation. Therefore, it is easily understood that the decision of shutting down the car manufacturing corporation has put a question on the overall manufacturing industry in Australia. However, from the companys perspectives, it has been seen that Holden car Manufacturing Company is dedicated to work in teams along with the unions and the local communities, federal and the state governments for supporting the people (Baines et al. 2012). In this part, it is necessary to shed light on AAA framework, i.e. adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage strategies. The company at this time is required to adapt this strategy, as these policies augment market share as well as profits by acclimatizing some indispensable components in a trade model of a business such that it is exercised policy in the middle of the three. Especially, in order to penetrate into the new customer base in a new market, the organization tends to adapt the measures and practices that are favored locally. Apart from that, aggregation strategies tend to accomplish financial systems of the level by generally creating global efficiencies (Russo and Minto 2012). This part generally takes into account standardization of the part of the value proposition that could further lead to the assemblage of production as well as the development procedure. On the other hand, if focus is shed on arbitrage strategies, then it can be seen this strategy neither takes into account associating the different marketplaces not assuming the local demands. Rather this approach inculcates the strategy of formation of international worth by utilizing the dissimilarities between divisions of the supply chain in different divisions. In order to stay competitive in the market, Holden car manufacturing company is advised to focus on global expansion and for that particular purpose, they are advised to rely on this AAA Framework (news.com.au 2016). Reports say that from one of just 13 countries in the world competent of structuring a car from the ground up, Australias 90 years history of accumulating as well as structuring vehicle is coming to a conclusion. Therefore, it can be stated that Holden Company is advised to adopt Ghemawats AAA framework, as this offers three generic approaches to the global value creation (Taylor 2013). Many market researchers have stated that there is no doubt that shutting down of this company has affected the car market of Australia and thus on an urgent basis, they are advised to rely on this model to win over the situation. References Baines, T., Brown, S., Benedettini, O. and Ball, P., 2012. Examining green production and its role within the competitive strategy of manufacturers.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,5(1), p.53. Hawthorne, J. 2015.Australia's car industry one year from closing its doors. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/australias-car-industry-one-year-from-closing-its-doors-20151012-gk7ip0.html [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016]. news.com.au, 2016.Holden to end car manufacturing in Australia and import cars. [online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/holden-to-end-car-manufacturing-in-australia-and-import-cars/story-fnda1bsz-1226781056615 [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016]. Russo, M.V. and Minto, A., 2012. Competitive strategy and the environment: A field of inquiry emerges. Santos-Vijande, M.L., Lpez-Snchez, J.. and Trespalacios, J.A., 2012. How organizational learning affects a firm's flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance.Journal of Business Research,65(8), pp.1079-1089. Taylor, L. 2013.Holden confirms it will leave Australia in 2017. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/dec/11/holden-confirms-leaving-australia-cars [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016].

The Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) Essays

The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616) Type of Work: Comedic drama Setting Renaissance Venice and Belmont Principal Characters Antonio, the merchant Bassanio, his young friend, in love with Portia Portia, a beautiful and wealthy young woman Shylock, a rich Jew Jessica, Shylock's lovely daughter Story Overveiw Whenever Bassanio needed money he would go to his older friend Antonio, a wealthy Venetian merchant. Now Bassanio needed a sizable loan for a certain "enterprise." When questioned concerning this enterprise, Bassanio admitted he had fallen in love with Portia, a wealthy and famous lady. Unless Bassanio had money, he could never hope to compete with the myriad of rich noblemen and princes who vied for Portia's favor. Antonio would have gladly supplied his friend with the money, but he had no cash on hand; all of his capital was tied up in ships, not due to return from foreign ports for several weeks. So Antonio and Bassanio found their way to Shylock, a rich Jewish moneylender who had made his fortune by charging exorbitant interest rates. Though they despised Shylock, the two managed to swallow their pride long enough to petition him to loan them three thousand ducats, to be paid back as soon as Antonio's ships returned to port. Shylock bitterly rebuked them for having the temerity to come crawling to him for a loan after publicly disdaining him: You call me a misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gabardine ... Well then, it now appears you need help ... What shouId I say to you? Should I not say: ... "Fair sir, you spat on me on Wednesday last; You spurned me such and such day, another time You call'd me dog, and for these courtesies I'll lend you thus much moneys?" Finally, though, glowing and rubbing hi, hands together as if he would "get to the bone" of his petitioners, Shylock agreed to lend the money, but on this condition: if the full sum were not repaid within three months, he could lawfully cut one pound of flesh from Antonio's body. Bassanio was shocked at the proposal, but Antonio assured him there was no need to worry; his ships were expected home a full month before the debt would come due. Reluctantly, Bassanio accepted the terms of the loan. Meanwhile, the lovely Portia had been receiving visits from prospective husbands and she disliked them all. To make matters worse, she wasn't allowed to choose her husband for herself. Her late father had left a provision in his will that Portia's husband would be chosen by lottery. Three caskets one of gold, one of silver, and one of lead - had been laid out, and only one of these contained a portrait of the lady. Any potential suitor must choose one of the caskets. If the casket he chose contained the portrait, he could marry Portia; if not, he would be compelled to leave and never woo another woman again. Fortunately for Portia, none of the suitors who had sought her had as yet guessed the right casket. Elsewhere, Launcelot, Shylock's comical servant, decided he would finally escape from his master's employ; Shylock was simply too cruel to endure. Launcelot paused long enough to break the news to Jessica, Shylock's daughter, who was heartbroken to see him go. "Our house is a hell," she said, "and thou, a merry devil, Didst rob it of some taste of tediousness." Before he left, Jessica gave Launcelot a letter to deliver to Lorenzo, a friend of Bassanio's with whom she had fallen in love. The letter instructed Lorenzo to meet her at her house, where she would escape in disguise and elope with him. That night, Jessica and Lorenzo carried out their lovers' plan, fleeing the city in a gondola filled with Shylock's ducats. When Shylock learned that his daughter had run away to marry a Christian, he was at once crushed and furious, and grew all the more fervent in his hatred of Antonio and his Christian friends. In the meantime, Bassanio had made his way to Portia, ready to hazard a try at the caskets. Portia immediately fell in love with him and feared lest he should choose the wrong box. But, guided by Portia's sea-blue eyes, Bassanio avoided the temptation to choose the gold or silver caskets, and, wisely declaring, "All that glitters is not gold," correctly selected the unassuming lead. Both Portia and Bassanio were elated. But no sooner were their wedding plans underway than they were interrupted by horrifying news from Venice: every one of Antonio's ships had been shipwrecked in a storm, leaving him penniless and unable to pay

What to Do With Short Stories

What to Do With Short Stories Recently I received a simple email from a reader who stated she wrote mostly short stories, and she had no clue what to do with them. She felt the day of the short story was over, and that hers had no chance of being published. She also asked how to make any money with them. These days, short writing is often interpreted as free to read, and she wanted to make a dollar or two from her effort. I understood her frustration and desire. Immediately, I asked her how many publications did she buy each year that catered to the short story. She could count them on one hand. You can guess my response to that. If shes not supporting the short story market, how can she expect to make money from it? Same goes for poetry, mysteries, sci-fi and the rest. {Okay, rant over.) From there, I suggested the following methods to earning income from short stories: 1) Contests In case you are new to FundsforWriters, I post many contests, and only those that pay $200 or more. Short story competitions are popular in the contest world. They usually charge entry fees, which are used to fund the prize money and cover expenses of judges and online promotion. Try to work one a month into your regimen. Contests are no different from submitting to editors. You risk rejection, but you also play the odds of being discovered and published in addition to putting a few dollars in your pocket. 2) Self-pub shorts on Amazon Self-publishing isnt just for novels or how-to books. Whats great these days is that you can sell ebooks, e-shorts, or chapbooks online, regardless of word count. Your short might not make more than 99 cents, but its read, and youre on your way as a short story author. 3) Magazines and anthologies These calls for submissions dont holler loud, so youll need to pay attention to venues like FundsforWriters to find them. Of course you need to sign up for FundsforWriters, and preferably TOTAL FundsforWriters as well. (See https://fundsforwriters.com/total-subscription-special/ But here are some markets to help your efforts: http://thewritelife.com/where-to-submit-short-stories/ amazon.com/Novel-Short-Story-Writers-Market/dp/159963841X/fundsforwriters sfwa.org/category/information-center/advice-for-new-writers/where-to-submit/ http://thereviewreview.net/publishing-tips/show-me-literary-magazines-pay 4) Crowdfunding Do you have a short story project in mind? Pitch it in a crowdfunding campaign at Kickstarter.com , Indiegogo.com , Pubslush.com , Unbound.co.uk or any of two dozen others. These are the most common and reliable for authors. Study the successful campaigns and learn from the masters. Earn money for your project and build a following at the same time. Short people rock!

Free Essays on Jesus’ Practices In The Business World

One might think that it would almost be impossible to follow Jesus’ practices in this day and age. There couldn’t possibly be anything that Jesus taught over 2,000 years ago that could be applied in the business world. This is untrue. There are several aspects of Jesus’ teaching that are very applicable in these modern times. We will examine three separate chapters from one of Charles C. Manz’s books, â€Å"The Leadership Wisdom of Jesus: Practical Lessons for Today†, and see how they can be used in everyday business. The first is â€Å"Logs Before Specks, or Lead Thyself First†. The following passage was an important lesson Jesus was trying to teach his followers on how to look within themselves and not judge others before we judge ourselves. â€Å"Do not judge, or you too will be judged? For in the same way you judge other, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you. Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? How can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take that speck out of your eye,’ when all the time there is a plank in your eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye†. (Matthew 7:1-5; New International Version). Often times we try to point out other’s shortcomings, their sawdust, when we ourselves have much larger problems, the planks. We are bli nded by the gratification by tearing down others and showing them their problems, when oftentimes our own lives are in dire need of examination. Once we have removed the planks-or problems-from our own lives we can effectively help other’s solve their own problems in a caring and compassionate way. We help facilitate others to find the answers they were looking for by modeling to them that we ourselves must look inward and learn how to lead ourselves and ultimately ... Free Essays on Jesus’ Practices In The Business World Free Essays on Jesus’ Practices In The Business World One might think that it would almost be impossible to follow Jesus’ practices in this day and age. There couldn’t possibly be anything that Jesus taught over 2,000 years ago that could be applied in the business world. This is untrue. There are several aspects of Jesus’ teaching that are very applicable in these modern times. We will examine three separate chapters from one of Charles C. Manz’s books, â€Å"The Leadership Wisdom of Jesus: Practical Lessons for Today†, and see how they can be used in everyday business. The first is â€Å"Logs Before Specks, or Lead Thyself First†. The following passage was an important lesson Jesus was trying to teach his followers on how to look within themselves and not judge others before we judge ourselves. â€Å"Do not judge, or you too will be judged? For in the same way you judge other, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you. Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? How can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take that speck out of your eye,’ when all the time there is a plank in your eye? You hypocrite, first take the plank out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck from your brother’s eye†. (Matthew 7:1-5; New International Version). Often times we try to point out other’s shortcomings, their sawdust, when we ourselves have much larger problems, the planks. We are bli nded by the gratification by tearing down others and showing them their problems, when oftentimes our own lives are in dire need of examination. Once we have removed the planks-or problems-from our own lives we can effectively help other’s solve their own problems in a caring and compassionate way. We help facilitate others to find the answers they were looking for by modeling to them that we ourselves must look inward and learn how to lead ourselves and ultimately ...

Critically examine a period of strategic change for an organisation of Essay

Critically examine a period of strategic change for an organisation of your own choice. Outline the triggers for change and the - Essay Example 7 Triggers to this change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 2- Product Differentiation as a strategic change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Triggers to this change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 3- Retail-marketing/ Own-store retailing as a strategic change †¦ 10 Triggers to this change †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 Significant organizational issues facing the managers in strategic change .. 12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 Introduction In the light of large-scale changes facing the world around the business, organizations require to undergo strategic changes and strategic re-orientations. Both the external and internal environments of a business face tremendous changes day by day, mainly due to technological advances, varying customer requirements, differences in marketing trends etc, and in order the business to survive in this challenging environment, it is highly important that business must be accustomed with the environments through the strategic change possible. For management, there are quite a large number of strategies to help the business achieve its specific or common goals. Out of these strategies, change itself is a strategy as it is, though a challenge to get it successfully implemented, an opportunity for the business. Apple Inc with the leadership of Steve Jobs has emerged to be an organization that prospered a number of strategic changes l ike retail-marketing, innovative product design, product differentiation etc. This piece of research paper is an attempt to address the strategic change from both literature perspectives as well as empirical evidences from Apple’s strategic change. This paper outlines how Apple Inc has managed strategic change at various situations and how it could successfully implemented changes like launching of its retail-marketing. Apple Inc: An overview Apple Inc, one of the most successful technology companies of today, has been established by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak in early 1970. It’s startup story itself is amazingly interesting as it is closely linked to one-off hobby machine that an outstanding talented electronic wiz, Steve Jobs, made for himself and this has later become the core of the most successful companies of today (O'Grady 2008, p. 1). Apple Inc is a multinational company, headquartered in California, that designs, develops, and markets personal computers, servers, communication devices like cell-phones, portable music digital players and related accessories (Datamonitor 2010). The company has always been thriving on innovation and continuous changes. It ignited personal computer revolution in early 1990s with the development of Apple- II. The company thus went through a number of strategic changes in production, technology, marketing, innovation and so on. It later reinvented the personal computer within the next few years by the development of Macintosh. Macintosh and its another development called iMac gave the company deeply routed brand loyalty (Kerin, Hartley and Berkowitz, 2005, p. 395). In recent years, Apple found hidden marketing opportunities, that were until then explored by none, for digital music players, music software, iPhone, 3G iPhone etc and revolutionized its markets through effective distribution with